Building Loading - Snow Load
(Revised:
02/16/2024)
The Snow Load tab defines design-related
information regarding the Building's (or Shape's) Roof
Snow Loads. This is the load induced by
the weight of snow on the structure and may be expressed as Ground Snow and/or
Specified Min. Roof Snow.
Snow load is not the same as Live load and requires a separate
input to design the structure correctly. Some building codes specify Ground
Snow and define the Snow load to be applied to the roof as a reduced percentage
of the Ground snow. In many cases, especially in
mountainous areas, it will be necessary to ask the local building department
for the required Roof or Ground snow load.
Note to
Builder/Customer:
The builder is responsible for contacting
the local building official or project design professional to obtain and
provide all code and loading information for the specific building site. Data supplied is
assumed to be accurate and is not verified.
Notes:
Snow Drifting/Sliding conditions are
automatically recognized and added to the Building Shape's Load Cases. Building input that
will automatically generate Snow Drifting/Sliding loads are step conditions
such as Roof Height Changes and Wall-to-Roof conditions. Buildings within 20 feet of each other
will cause Snow Drift/Sliding loads if step conditions exist.
Example conditions recognized by the
software: Below Eave Canopies, Roof
Height Change, Wall-to-Roof conditions, parapets, existing buildings, and
buildings near each other.
Example conditions NOT recognized by the
software: Facades, Inside Corners, and Valley roof conditions. These snow build-up
loads for these conditions have to be user-added by
the Service Center Estimating/Engineering Department.
Snow Load Information:
This
edit box is used to define the Ground Snow Load for the Building or Shape. This Load is
measured in Pounds per Square Foot (English). The Ground Snow Load data along with
the Building Geometry will generate factors that convert this Load into the
applied Roof Snow, Snow Drift or Sliding Snow Loads. A non-negative value must be input in
this field to be allowed to exit from the Loads and Codes dialog. If the Local Code
does not require snow load, a value of zero can be input.
Input
for this edit box is ONLY required by the Massachusetts Code.
This
edit box is “read only” and defines the system generated weight of Rain that is
required by the Code to be superimposed on the balanced roof snow. This load is
required for Ground snow ≤ 20 psf when roof pitches are small in
relationship to the width of the roof. The Rain Surcharge (RS) value is
measured in Pounds per Square Foot (English).
Note:
The
Canadian codes require input of the Rain Surcharge field. Values for this field can be found in
the National Building Code of Canada 2015 Volume 1, Division B, Table C-2, Snow
Load Column Sr.
This
edit box, when enabled by checking the box to the left of the description, is
used to define a Specified Min. Roof Snow load for the Building or Shape per
the local Code requirements.
This load is measured in Pounds per Square Foot (English). Values for the
Specified Min. Roof Snow load and Ground snow may be different; however, the
specified value is typically larger than the calculated sloped roof snow. (The SMS load will
not be applied if it is less than the Calculated Sloped Roof Snow Load.) The loading defined in this edit box will
only be combined with Dead and Collateral gravity loads for frame, purlin, and
panel design. This
load will not be combined with any other snow, wind, crane, or mezzanine
loading.
If
enabled, use this drop list to select the Snow Exposure options that describe
the applicable surrounding terrain conditions that may impact the applied Snow
Load.
The
following defines the Snow Exposure options for each Building Code.
Note: The Snow Exposure options vary in
descriptions for each Building Code. For example:
·
The selections for IBC codes are 1 Fully Exposed, 2
Partially Exposed, or 3 Sheltered.
·
For NBCC, they are Cw = 1, 0.75 or 0.50.
Snow Exposure
Descriptions:
%!JumpId UBC, 1996 BOCA, 1993 BOCA, 1990 BOCA, 1987
BOCA, 1988 SBC, MUBC, 1994 NCST, 1991 NCST, OBBC, LBB, MSY, OKC, PHX, SEA, CONN
%!JumpId ANSI, 1994 SBC, 1991 SBC, 1996 NCST, 1993
ASCE, 1988 ASCE, 1997 NCST
%!JumpId 1990 NBCC, 1995 NBCC, 2005 NBCC, 2010 NBCC,
2015 NBCC
%!JumpId 1995 ASCE, 1997 SBC, 1999 BOCA, 2000-2018
IBC, 1998-2010 ASCE 7, MAST (8th), 2015 MNBC, 2014 WICBC
NA: MBMA, JBSA, KS, MAST (5th),
MAST (6th), MAST (7th), NYST, WIST, CHI.
Note: 2014 FL–HVHZ (5th) does not specifically
exempt design for snow; however, the defined snow load is zero for the entire
state.
This
drop list is enabled with the 1982 ANSI Building Code, ASCE 7 Standards, and
IBC / IBC-based Codes.
The Thermal Factor is used to adjust the applied Snow Load based
on the relative climate and temperature of the Building or Shape.
Heated: All structures except as
indicated below.
Kept just above freezing: Structures kept just above freezing and others with cold,
ventilated roofs.
Unheated: Unheated Structures and open air structures
Heated Greenhouse: Continuously heated greenhouses.
Kept Below Freezing: Structures intentionally kept below freezing.
Example: The Office could be a ‘‘Heated Structure’’ and the Warehouse could be a structure “Kept
just above freezing” or an “Unheated” structure’.
This drop list is initially blank when first
inputting a project and a selection must be made before the user can leave this
Snow Load tab. It
is unselected by default and your selection defines whether
or not you have an Unobstructed, Slippery Roof that allows the free
sliding of snow off the roof. Slippery
roof surfaces shall include metal, slate, glass, bituminous rubber
and plastic membrane with smooth surfaces.
Note:
All BlueScope
metal roofing systems satisfy the requirements of “slippery surfaces” per ASCE
Section 7.4 including smooth surface membrane roof systems such as DeckFrame.
This option must be changed to “Obstructed or Not Slippery”
for cases where movement of snow off the roof is restricted by the non-slippery
roof surfaces or objects located on or along the low eave. The result may be a larger magnitude
system generated roof snow depending on conditions such as roof pitch and
Thermal Factor. Examples
of Non-slippery roof surfaces are membrane roofs with
embedded aggregate or mineral granules, asphalt shingles, wood shingles, and
shakes. Roof obstructions that qualify
as “Obstructed” include, but are not limited to, roofs with Ice Damming
fasteners, Facades or Parapets along the low eave, and roof top units uniformly
spread over the roof.
Note:
Metal buildings
are typically not constructed with attics similar to
those of residential structures, and therefore may be considered “Unobstructed”
without consideration for the insulation R-value used.
This
field is used to display the final Calculated Sloped Roof Snow load for the
Project or Shape per the defined Building Code. This load is measured in Pounds per
Square Foot (English).
Standard
Controls:
See also:
§
Building Loading - Building Codes
§
Building Loading - Live Load
§
Building Loading - Wind Load
§
Building Loading - Tornado Load
§
Building Loading - Deflection Conditions